These are the seven challenges ISRO will face during Chandrayaan-2 Mission
ISRO has revealed about the challenges of Chandrayaan-2 mission. It has told that what type of difficulties the Indian scientists will have to face from the launch of Chandrayaan-2 to its landing on the lunar surface. However, scientists are confident about tackling all these challenges with ease.
ISRO has told about the challenges it will have to face during its lunar mission Chandrayaan-2. It has revealed about seven different types of challenges Indian scientists will face during this ambitious lunar mission, from the launch of Chandrayaan-2 to its landing on the lunar surface. However, scientists are quite confident about the mission and have said that they are completely ready for all these challenges. Chandrayaan-2 will be launched between July 9 and 16.
Read also: (Mission GaganYaan - Indian Airforce and ISRO sign an MoU for sending 3 Indians to space by 2022)
(ISRO successfully launches India's Radar Imaging Earth Satellite RISAT 2b)
Seven challenges that Chandrayaan-2 will face:
The first challenge: to keep the Spacecraft in right path
At the time of launch, the distance of the moon from earth will be approximately 384400 km. So, the first thing is to Choose the most appropriate route (trajectory) for this long journey. This is necessary because the right trajectory will make sure that things like gravity of earth, moon and other things coming in the way, solar radiation and rotation of moon will have minimal effects on the probe.
Second challenge: communication in deep space
Radio signals will take more time to reach the earth as the probe gets farther away and approaches the moon. So, there will be a significant delay in getting signals from the probe. Apart from this, sounds from cosmic activities in space will also create hindrance in the communication.
Third challenge: reaching the moon's orbit
Getting the Chandrayaan-2 into the orbit of the moon will not be easy. Due to the constantly changing orbital movement, it is required to put Chandrayaan-II into the orbit of the moon with high precision. It will cost a lot of fuel. Only after reaching the right orbit, it will be possible to Land at the right place.
Fourth Challenge: revolving in the Orbit of Moon
For Chandrayaan-2 it will not be easy to revolve around the moon. The major reason behind this is that gravity is not uniform all around the moon. This will affect Chandrayaan-2's electronic equipments. Therefore, making precise and accurate calculations about the gravity of the moon and its environment is also a big challenge.
Fifth Challenge: Soft Landing on the Moon
According to ISRO scientists, the soft landing of Rover and Lander of Chandrayaan-2 on the Moon is the biggest challenge. The propulsion system and onboard computer will play major roles during the landing of rover and lander from the orbit of the moon to the south pole. All these tasks will be performed automatically.
Read also: NASA selects three companies for Moon Landing Services under Artemis Program
Sixth challenge: Moon dust
There are huge number of craters, stones and dust on the surface of the moon. As soon as the lander turns on its propulsion system on the surface of the moon, a lot of dust will start to blow. This dust may get deposited on the solar panel of the lander, which can interrupt the power supply. Sensors of the onboard computer may get affected as well.
Seventh Challenge: Changing Temperature
A day or night on the moon equals 14 days of earth. Due to this, the temperature on the moon's surface keeps changing rapidly. This may hinder the working of lander and rover.
All payloads in Chandrayaan-2 are indigenous
While Chandrayaan-1's orbiter had 3 European and 2 Payloads from USA, there is not even a single payload in Chandrayaan-2 which is foreigner. All of its parts are completely indigenous. Indian space agency ISRO is ready to explore the surface of the moon once again after 11 years.
Read also : NASA's Curiosity Rover finds clay minerals on Mars
Chandrayaan-2 will land near the South Pole
ISRO hopes that Chandrayaan-2 will land on the Moon on September 6, near the South Pole. Chandrayaan-2 has three parts - Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan). The cost of this project is INR 800 crores. The distance between Moon and Earth will be 384400 kilometers between 9 and 16 July. If the mission succeeds, then India will become the fourth country to land a rover on the lunar surface after America, Russia and China.
Launching will be done with the most powerful Rocket GSLV Mk III
Chandrayaan-2 will leave the earth's orbit with ISRO's most powerful rocket GSLV MK-III. Afterwards, it will reach the orbit of the moon in 55 days. Then the lander will land on the moon's surface. After this the rover will move out of it and carry out various experiments. It will examine the surface of the moon, its environment and the soil. At the same time, the orbiter will keep an eye on the lander and the rover while revolving around the moon. All the data collected from the rover will be sent to the ISRO center.
Duration of the mission:
Orbiter- 1 year, Lander (Vikram) - 15 days, Rover (Pragyan) - 15 days
Total weight of mission: 3877 kg
Orbiter- 2379 kg, lander (Vikram) - 1471 kg, Rover (Pragyan) - 27 kg
Orbiter: ISRO's mobile command center during the mission, 100 km above the moon
Chandrayaan-2's orbiter will revolve about 100 km above the moon and send all the signals to the ISRO center after receiving data from lander and rover. It will also deliver the command sent from ISRO to the lander and the rover. It was made by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and handed to ISRO in 2015. There are 8 payloads in it.
Vikram Lander: ISRO built an indigenous lander after Russia's denial
Lander is named after ISRO's founder and father of Indian Space Program Vikram Sarabhai. There are 4 payloads in it. It will carry out scientific research for 15 days. Its initial design was made by ISRO's Space Application Center, Ahmedabad. Later it was developed by the URSC, Bengaluru.
Pragyan Rover: The complete mission on the shoulder of this rover, data will be delivered in 15 minutes
The 27 kilogram rover has the responsibility of the whole mission. There are 2 payloads in it. On the surface of the moon, it will cover a distance of 400 meters. During this, it will carry out various scientific experiments and research. Then it will send information to Vikram Lander. Lander will send data to orbiter from there. Then the orbiter will send it to the ISRO center. This whole process will take about 15 minutes. That is, the information sent by Pragyan will take 15 minutes to reach the earth.
Why it took 11 years to Launch Chandrayaan-2 ?
In November 2007, Russian space agency Roscosmos had said that it would work together in this project. It also promised to provide Lander to ISRO. In 2008, the mission received permission from the government as well. The design of Chandrayaan-2 was completed in 2009. Launching was fixed in January 2013, but the Russian space agency could not afford Roscosmos Lander. Then its launch was delayed till 2016. However, Roscosmos had pulled its hands from the project in 2015 itself.
Then ... ISRO built indigenous Lander and rover itself:
ISRO had decided to launch Chandrayaan-2 in March 2018. But for some tests, the launch was delayed till April 2018 and again until October 2018. In the meantime, in June 2018, ISRO took the decision that the launch of Chandrayaan-2 will be done in January 2019, after making some necessary changes. Then it was again delayed till February 2019. Also, there were reports that launch will happen in April 2019, but it did not.
Chandrayaan-1 ... when, ISRO touched the moon for the first time
India had launched its first lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. After 392 working days, missions was terminated on August 29, 2009 due to lack of fuel. During this period, Chandrayaan-1 made 3400 rotations around the moon. So far, only three countries have done a soft landing on the moon, namely, America, Russia and China. Chandrayaan-1 had also collected evidence of water on the moon.
For more information, please visit:
https://www.isro.gov.in/
ISRO has told about the challenges it will have to face during its lunar mission Chandrayaan-2. It has revealed about seven different types of challenges Indian scientists will face during this ambitious lunar mission, from the launch of Chandrayaan-2 to its landing on the lunar surface. However, scientists are quite confident about the mission and have said that they are completely ready for all these challenges. Chandrayaan-2 will be launched between July 9 and 16.
Read also: (Mission GaganYaan - Indian Airforce and ISRO sign an MoU for sending 3 Indians to space by 2022)
(ISRO successfully launches India's Radar Imaging Earth Satellite RISAT 2b)
Seven challenges that Chandrayaan-2 will face:
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Rendering of Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter
Credits: ISRO
|
The first challenge: to keep the Spacecraft in right path
At the time of launch, the distance of the moon from earth will be approximately 384400 km. So, the first thing is to Choose the most appropriate route (trajectory) for this long journey. This is necessary because the right trajectory will make sure that things like gravity of earth, moon and other things coming in the way, solar radiation and rotation of moon will have minimal effects on the probe.
Second challenge: communication in deep space
Radio signals will take more time to reach the earth as the probe gets farther away and approaches the moon. So, there will be a significant delay in getting signals from the probe. Apart from this, sounds from cosmic activities in space will also create hindrance in the communication.
Third challenge: reaching the moon's orbit
Getting the Chandrayaan-2 into the orbit of the moon will not be easy. Due to the constantly changing orbital movement, it is required to put Chandrayaan-II into the orbit of the moon with high precision. It will cost a lot of fuel. Only after reaching the right orbit, it will be possible to Land at the right place.
Fourth Challenge: revolving in the Orbit of Moon
For Chandrayaan-2 it will not be easy to revolve around the moon. The major reason behind this is that gravity is not uniform all around the moon. This will affect Chandrayaan-2's electronic equipments. Therefore, making precise and accurate calculations about the gravity of the moon and its environment is also a big challenge.
🇮🇳#ISROMissions 🇮🇳#Chandrayaan2— ISRO (@isro) June 3, 2019
The Challenges of Moon landing pic.twitter.com/mpMyC6vpgn
Fifth Challenge: Soft Landing on the Moon
According to ISRO scientists, the soft landing of Rover and Lander of Chandrayaan-2 on the Moon is the biggest challenge. The propulsion system and onboard computer will play major roles during the landing of rover and lander from the orbit of the moon to the south pole. All these tasks will be performed automatically.
Read also: NASA selects three companies for Moon Landing Services under Artemis Program
Sixth challenge: Moon dust
There are huge number of craters, stones and dust on the surface of the moon. As soon as the lander turns on its propulsion system on the surface of the moon, a lot of dust will start to blow. This dust may get deposited on the solar panel of the lander, which can interrupt the power supply. Sensors of the onboard computer may get affected as well.
Seventh Challenge: Changing Temperature
A day or night on the moon equals 14 days of earth. Due to this, the temperature on the moon's surface keeps changing rapidly. This may hinder the working of lander and rover.
 |
Artist impression of the Chandrayaan-2 rover
Credits: ISRO |
All payloads in Chandrayaan-2 are indigenous
While Chandrayaan-1's orbiter had 3 European and 2 Payloads from USA, there is not even a single payload in Chandrayaan-2 which is foreigner. All of its parts are completely indigenous. Indian space agency ISRO is ready to explore the surface of the moon once again after 11 years.
Read also : NASA's Curiosity Rover finds clay minerals on Mars
Chandrayaan-2 will land near the South Pole
ISRO hopes that Chandrayaan-2 will land on the Moon on September 6, near the South Pole. Chandrayaan-2 has three parts - Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan). The cost of this project is INR 800 crores. The distance between Moon and Earth will be 384400 kilometers between 9 and 16 July. If the mission succeeds, then India will become the fourth country to land a rover on the lunar surface after America, Russia and China.
Launching will be done with the most powerful Rocket GSLV Mk III
Chandrayaan-2 will leave the earth's orbit with ISRO's most powerful rocket GSLV MK-III. Afterwards, it will reach the orbit of the moon in 55 days. Then the lander will land on the moon's surface. After this the rover will move out of it and carry out various experiments. It will examine the surface of the moon, its environment and the soil. At the same time, the orbiter will keep an eye on the lander and the rover while revolving around the moon. All the data collected from the rover will be sent to the ISRO center.
Duration of the mission:
Orbiter- 1 year, Lander (Vikram) - 15 days, Rover (Pragyan) - 15 days
Total weight of mission: 3877 kg
Orbiter- 2379 kg, lander (Vikram) - 1471 kg, Rover (Pragyan) - 27 kg
Orbiter: ISRO's mobile command center during the mission, 100 km above the moon
Chandrayaan-2's orbiter will revolve about 100 km above the moon and send all the signals to the ISRO center after receiving data from lander and rover. It will also deliver the command sent from ISRO to the lander and the rover. It was made by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and handed to ISRO in 2015. There are 8 payloads in it.
Vikram Lander: ISRO built an indigenous lander after Russia's denial
Lander is named after ISRO's founder and father of Indian Space Program Vikram Sarabhai. There are 4 payloads in it. It will carry out scientific research for 15 days. Its initial design was made by ISRO's Space Application Center, Ahmedabad. Later it was developed by the URSC, Bengaluru.
Pragyan Rover: The complete mission on the shoulder of this rover, data will be delivered in 15 minutes
The 27 kilogram rover has the responsibility of the whole mission. There are 2 payloads in it. On the surface of the moon, it will cover a distance of 400 meters. During this, it will carry out various scientific experiments and research. Then it will send information to Vikram Lander. Lander will send data to orbiter from there. Then the orbiter will send it to the ISRO center. This whole process will take about 15 minutes. That is, the information sent by Pragyan will take 15 minutes to reach the earth.
Why it took 11 years to Launch Chandrayaan-2 ?
In November 2007, Russian space agency Roscosmos had said that it would work together in this project. It also promised to provide Lander to ISRO. In 2008, the mission received permission from the government as well. The design of Chandrayaan-2 was completed in 2009. Launching was fixed in January 2013, but the Russian space agency could not afford Roscosmos Lander. Then its launch was delayed till 2016. However, Roscosmos had pulled its hands from the project in 2015 itself.
Then ... ISRO built indigenous Lander and rover itself:
ISRO had decided to launch Chandrayaan-2 in March 2018. But for some tests, the launch was delayed till April 2018 and again until October 2018. In the meantime, in June 2018, ISRO took the decision that the launch of Chandrayaan-2 will be done in January 2019, after making some necessary changes. Then it was again delayed till February 2019. Also, there were reports that launch will happen in April 2019, but it did not.
Chandrayaan-1 ... when, ISRO touched the moon for the first time
India had launched its first lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. After 392 working days, missions was terminated on August 29, 2009 due to lack of fuel. During this period, Chandrayaan-1 made 3400 rotations around the moon. So far, only three countries have done a soft landing on the moon, namely, America, Russia and China. Chandrayaan-1 had also collected evidence of water on the moon.
For more information, please visit:
https://www.isro.gov.in/
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